Plants from Garden Pond to Aquarium: A Beginner’s Guide

Published May 31, 2023 | By gabipeti79

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Creating a harmonious and captivating aquarium environment goes beyond the fish and decorations; it involves a careful selection of plants that can transform your aquarium into a thriving underwater garden. While many aquarium enthusiasts turn to aquatic plant nurseries for their greenery needs, there is a whole world of possibilities waiting right in your own backyard. Incorporating plants from a garden pond into your aquarium setup can offer a range of benefits that enhance both the aesthetic appeal and the overall health of your aquatic ecosystem. In this blog post, we will explore the advantages of introducing pond plants into your aquarium and provide valuable insights into the process of selecting and caring for these plants. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced aquarist, understanding the importance of proper plant selection and care is crucial to create a successful and visually pleasing aquatic environment.

Pond plants offer several benefits that make them an excellent addition to your aquarium. First and foremost, they act as natural filters, helping to maintain water quality by absorbing excess nutrients and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis. By doing so, they play a vital role in reducing algae growth and improving water clarity, creating a healthier and more visually appealing habitat for your aquatic inhabitants. Furthermore, pond plants bring an unparalleled aesthetic charm to your aquarium. Their unique shapes, colors, and textures add depth and dimension to the underwater landscape, creating a natural and serene environment reminiscent of a tranquil garden pond. With a wide variety of pond plants to choose from, you can customize your aquarium to reflect your personal style and preferences. However, it’s important to exercise caution and make informed choices when selecting pond plants for your aquarium. Compatibility is a key consideration to ensure that the plants coexist harmoniously with your aquarium inhabitants, such as fish and invertebrates. Additionally, understanding the specific care requirements of each plant species is essential to provide them with the optimal conditions for growth and longevity.

Understanding the Benefits of Pond Plants in an Aquarium

Natural filtration and oxygenation:

Pond plants play a vital role in the natural filtration of aquarium water. Through a process called nutrient uptake, they absorb excess nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates that can lead to poor water quality. These nutrients are essential for algae growth, and by absorbing them, pond plants effectively compete with algae for resources, helping to control their proliferation. Additionally, pond plants release oxygen through photosynthesis, a process where they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen in the presence of light. This oxygenation is crucial for the well-being of your aquarium inhabitants, as fish and other aquatic organisms rely on dissolved oxygen to survive. By having pond plants in your aquarium, you can enhance the oxygen levels, creating a healthier and more vibrant aquatic environment.

The presence of pond plants in an aquarium can significantly improve water clarity. As they absorb excess nutrients, they help to minimize the availability of these nutrients for algae growth. Algae thrive in nutrient-rich environments, often leading to cloudy or greenish water. By reducing the nutrient levels, pond plants contribute to clearer water, allowing for better visibility and enjoyment of your aquarium. Moreover, pond plants provide shading and create a natural balance of light in the aquarium. This shading helps to limit the intensity and duration of light exposure, which can further inhibit algae growth. By outcompeting algae for light and nutrients, pond plants help to maintain a healthier balance in the aquarium ecosystem, reducing the need for excessive manual algae control measures.

Here is a list of pond plants can be brought to an aquarium:

Anubias barteri
Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus)
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)
Water Lily (Nymphaea species)
Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)
Amazon Sword (Echinodorus species)
Vallisneria (Vallisneria species)
Water Wisteria (Hygrophila difformis)
Dwarf Sagittaria (Sagittaria subulata)
Java Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri)
Red Ludwigia (Ludwigia repens)
Pennywort (Hydrocotyle spp.)
Dwarf Water Lily (Nymphaea stellata)
Ambulia (Limnophila sessiliflora)
Cryptocoryne (Cryptocoryne species)
Water Sprite (Ceratopteris thalictroides)
Banana Plant (Nymphoides aquatica)
Water Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides)
Water Primrose (Ludwigia peploides)

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Transferring and Acclimating Pond Plants to the Aquarium

Preparing the plants for transfer:

Before transferring pond plants from a garden pond to your aquarium, it is crucial to clean and quarantine them. This step helps prevent the introduction of unwanted pests, diseases, or chemicals into your aquarium ecosystem. Rinse the plants thoroughly to remove any debris, algae, or potential contaminants that could harm the plants or your aquarium inhabitants. Inspect the pond plants carefully for any unwanted hitchhikers such as snails, insects, or other invertebrates. Remove them manually or use appropriate pest-control methods. Quarantine the plants for a period of time (ideally 2-4 weeks) in a separate container with appropriate water conditions and monitoring. This allows you to observe and address any potential issues before introducing the plants into the main aquarium.

Adjusting to aquarium conditions:

Pond plants need to be acclimated to the specific conditions of your aquarium gradually. Start by matching the temperature of the pond plants’ water to that of the aquarium. Then, gradually introduce them to the aquarium’s lighting conditions. If your aquarium has high-intensity lighting, provide shade or lower light intensity initially to prevent shock. Monitor and adjust the lighting over a few days or weeks as the plants adapt. It’s essential to ensure that the water parameters, such as pH, hardness, and nutrient levels, are compatible between the pond and the aquarium. Test and adjust the water parameters in the aquarium to match those of the pond plants. Sudden changes in water chemistry can stress the plants and hinder their adaptation. Aim for a gradual transition to ensure the plants can acclimate successfully.

Gradual transition techniques to minimize stress on the plants and ensure their successful adaptation: To minimize stress on the pond plants during the transition, consider the following techniques:

Use a quarantine tank or separate container: This allows you to monitor and adjust the plants’ conditions before introducing them to the main aquarium.
Start with a partial immersion: Initially, partially submerge the plants in the aquarium, allowing them to adjust to the water conditions gradually. Slowly increase the depth over time until the plants are fully submerged.
Provide suitable substrate or anchoring: Ensure that the plants are properly anchored in the substrate or attached to driftwood or rocks, depending on their specific growth habits. This will help them establish and thrive in the aquarium.
Maintain stable water conditions: Keep the water quality consistent by monitoring and maintaining appropriate temperature, lighting, and water parameters. Avoid sudden changes or fluctuations that can stress the plants.

Lighting and fertilization:

Pond plants have varying lighting requirements depending on their species and growth habits. Some plants prefer low to moderate lighting, while others thrive in high-intensity lighting. Research the specific lighting needs of each pond plant species you have in your aquarium and adjust the lighting accordingly. Consider using full-spectrum aquarium lights or LED lights designed for planted tanks to provide the appropriate light spectrum for optimal growth.

Pond plants require essential nutrients to thrive in the aquarium environment. While they can obtain some nutrients from the fish waste and decaying organic matter, supplementing their nutrient intake with fertilizers is beneficial. Use liquid or substrate fertilizers specifically formulated for aquatic plants to provide them with the necessary nutrients, including macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and micronutrients (iron, magnesium, etc.). Follow the recommended dosage instructions and monitor nutrient levels to avoid overdosing, which can lead to algae problems.

Pruning and propagation:

Regular pruning and trimming are necessary to maintain the desired shape and prevent pond plants from overgrowing and overshadowing other aquarium inhabitants. Use clean, sharp aquatic scissors or pruning tools to trim any excessive growth, yellowing or decaying leaves, or damaged parts. Remove dead or decaying plant material promptly to prevent nutrient imbalances and potential water quality issues.

Pond plants can be propagated through various techniques such as division, runners, or stem cuttings. Research the specific propagation methods for each pond plant species and choose the most suitable technique. Division involves separating the plant into multiple portions, while runners and stem cuttings involve taking healthy plant parts and replanting them in appropriate conditions. Follow proper procedures, provide the necessary care, and monitor the new plants’ growth to ensure successful propagation.

Monitoring and troubleshooting:

Regular monitoring is essential to identify and address any issues that may arise with pond plants in the aquarium. Common problems include nutrient deficiencies (e.g., yellowing leaves), excessive algae growth, and diseases like fungal infections or rot. Keep an eye out for any changes in plant appearance, growth patterns, or signs of distress.

To address issues with pond plants, take appropriate measures such as adjusting lighting or nutrient levels, removing excess algae manually, or treating diseases with suitable medications. Prevention is key to maintaining healthy plants and preventing problems. Avoid overfeeding fish, maintain a proper balance between nutrients and lighting, and regularly clean the aquarium to prevent organic waste buildup. Quarantine new plants before introducing them to the main aquarium to prevent the spread of potential pests or diseases.

Quarantine and sterilization guide

Reasons to quarantine new plants

The most common reason for quarantining new plants is to prevent a snail infestation. Snails often attach themselves to aquatic plants and can quickly populate your tank, leading to overpopulation and damage to your plants. Bladder snails, pond snails, and Malaysian trumpet snails are notorious hitchhikers that can easily sneak their way into your aquarium.

Parasites and predators are another reason to quarantine new plants. Dragonfly and damselfly nymphs are natural hunters and can easily catch and consume fish and shrimp of their size. Once these predators are in your aquarium, it can be challenging to remove them. Quarantining new plants can help prevent the introduction of these harmful organisms.

Pesticides and contaminations are also a reason to quarantine new plants. Some plants may be treated with pesticides to remove parasites before being sold. However, the residue of these chemicals can be harmful to your aquarium’s inhabitants and can result in massive die-offs of fish and shrimp.

Finally, new plants can introduce algae, fungus, and other diseases to your aquarium. Quarantining new plants can help you identify and address these issues before introducing them to your tank.

Quarantine Step-by-Step

The first step in the process is to quarantine the plants. This involves placing the newly purchased plants in a separate tank or container away from the main aquarium. The quarantine period should last for at least two weeks to observe if there are any signs of pests or diseases. During this time, monitor the plants regularly for any signs of damage, discoloration, or wilting.

Remove the rockwool or any sponge-like material shipped with the plant. Ensure that you remove them thoroughly and gently. Try to get down to the bare roots and do not leave out any tiny bit of residue stuck to the roots as it can soak pesticides or other pollutants.
Using a pair of scissors, cut back long overgrown roots of the plant to about 1-2cm. The plant will regrow them after a while, so you don’t have to worry.
Sterilize or disinfect new plants. There are several ways to do this, including using a bleach solution or hydrogen peroxide. Make sure to follow the instructions carefully to avoid damaging the plants.
Water the plants to remove the last residue of rock wool and immerse them in a bucket of clean water for several days (at least 5 days). Add Seachem Prime to the bucket of water. It will bind pesticides and other residues. Seachem Prime is a water conditioner that detoxifies ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates. It also gets rid of heavy metals found in some tap water and removes chlorine and chloramine.
Implement full water changes every day until the end of the process. Make sure to add Seachem Prime after each water change.
After the 5-day quarantine, rinse the plants with clean tap water.
The plants are now ready to be introduced into the aquarium.

The sterilization process

Sterilizing plants before planting is crucial to ensure that they are safe for your aquarium. Chemical sterilization is a quick and effective method for sterilizing aquarium plants, but it’s crucial to use them correctly and follow safety measures.

Using bleach: Bleach is a potent and effective disinfectant that can kill bacteria, parasites, algae, fungus, and viruses. Household bleach is readily available and affordable, making it a popular choice for disinfecting aquarium plants. However, it’s essential to dilute the bleach to a ratio of 19 cups water to 1 cup bleach (19:1) and avoid using bleach with any additives such as soap, perfume, or colorant. Soak the plants in the bleach solution for only 1 to 2 minutes, ensuring that the whole plant is immersed. Then, rinse the plants several times in tap water and treat them with a water conditioner such as Seachem Prime to neutralize any remaining bleach residue.

Potassium Permanganate: It is another chemical that is effective for disinfecting plants before planting. It is a strong oxidizing agent that can remove organic build-up in tank water and kill parasites, algae, bacteria, and fungi. However, potassium permanganate loses its potency when exposed to light, so it’s crucial to keep any solution away from direct light exposure. To use potassium permanganate, rinse the plants with tap water, add 4mg of potassium permanganate crystals to a liter of room temperature water to form a dark purple/pink solution, or add a few drops of the bottled liquid type (Jungle Clear Water) to a liter of water. Dip the plants in the solution and leave them submerged for 10 to 15 minutes, then move them to a new bucket of tap water and rinse thoroughly. Treat the plants in fresh dechlorinated water using a conditioner such as Seachem Prime for 3 minutes, then rinse them several times with tap water before planting them.

Hydrogen peroxide: It is a chemical compound commonly used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic. It can kill algae and parasites, but it’s essential to use it with caution. Using 3% hydrogen peroxide mixed with 2-3 ml to 1 gallon of water, submerge the plants in the solution for 5 minutes, then rinse them thoroughly with tap water. Finally, treat the plants with a water conditioner and rinse them again before planting.

Alum (aluminum sulfate) is the mildest sterilization method and is effective against snails but not potent against parasites. To use alum, soak the plants in a solution of 1 tablespoon of alum to a gallon of water for 2-3 days, then rinse them thoroughly with tap water and treat them with a water conditioner before planting.

In conclusion, quarantine and sterilization of new aquarium plants are crucial to prevent the introduction of harmful organisms into your tank. Take the necessary precautions before planting newly purchased plants to ensure the long-term health and success of your aquarium. By following these steps, you can enjoy a clean and healthy aquatic environment for your fish and other inhabitants.